Agree on location codes, aisle letters, bay numbers, level identifiers, and coordinate systems so every slot is uniquely and predictably addressed. Normalize dimensions, clear heights, beam elevations, and forklift reach constraints. Document exceptions for mezzanines, tunnels, and odd columns, ensuring future updates merge cleanly without breaking operational reports.
Create a schema that captures storage type, pick faces, replenishment lanes, staging pads, inspection areas, battery charging zones, and hazardous storage separations. Include relationships among slots, racks, and aisles, plus safety buffers and blocked locations. This model stabilizes analytics, accelerates onboarding of new sites, and supports governance.
Track cube utilization, storage density by zone, slot occupancy, dwell time, touches per slot, pick-path length, and travel effort per order line. Connect these to service levels, injuries avoided, and energy use. Standard KPIs enable fair comparisons, honest baselines, and targeted improvement experiments with measurable outcomes.
Blend integer programming with greedy heuristics to place items where they minimize travel and rehandles while honoring load weight, pallet type, compatibility, and pick frequency. Add service rules for kitting, value-add, and inspection. Produce clear assignments operators trust because the logic mirrors how work actually happens.
Quantify clear heights, beam elevations, and reach truck limits to unlock vertical capacity without creating ergonomic risks. Park slow movers high and heavy cases low. Simulate lift traffic and replenishment windows to avoid blocking aisles. Measure realized gains in pallets per bay, not just theoretical drawings.
Use promotions, returns waves, and supplier constraints to drive time-bound slotting changes. Define temporary zones, signage, and digital flags that reverse cleanly after peak. Keep fast movers protected while giving short-lived lines efficient paths. Document playbooks so next season begins ready, not reactive or improvisational.